<P>


No. 14 - Feb 1999

<P>
<HR>
<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<B>Introduction</B></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<I>K. Leech</I></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P>

<P>
<BR>
This issue of <I>ISO</I> Info describes some of the many changes that have taken 
place at Vilspa as we moved from the operational to the post-operational 
phase. One of the main changes is the opening of the <I>ISO</I> Data Archive, with 
which astronomers can access any public <I>ISO</I> data. More information on this 
can be read in the next section.

<P>
Also included is a short report on observing <I>ISO</I> from the ground, news of a
forthcoming workshop at the <I>ISO</I> Data Centre and a snippet of some of the 
exciting science coming from the <I>ISO</I> data.

<P>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<B>The ISO Data Archive</B></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<I>T. Prusti &amp; M.F. Kessler</I></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P>

<P>
<BR>
On December the 9th 1998 the <I>ISO</I> Data Archive was opened to the world via the new <I>ISO</I> Web Page <A HREF="http://www.iso.vilspa.esa.es/">http://www.iso.vilspa.esa.es/</A>. It allows astronomers around the world to query the <I>ISO</I> database of observations and 
obtain, via ftp or CD-ROM, any data they require. Accesses to the <I>ISO</I> Data 
Archive is via a user-friendly Java based tool (see figure <A HREF="#fig:mfk1">1</A>). 
Users may query the database using either <I>ISO</I> specific information (e.g. 
instrument) or astronomical information (e.g. wavelength) to locate objects on 
the sky. Results of the query are presented in a similar manner, e.g. figure
<A HREF="#fig:mfk2">2</A>. The archive has been designed for everyone, from the casual 
user who wishes to determine if their particular objects have been 
observed by <I>ISO</I> and get a quick-look at the data, to the expert instrument 
user who wishes to get very specific information, e.g. to see if the dark 
currents of a detector change with phase of <I>ISO</I>'s orbit.

<P>
Developing the <I>ISO</I> Data Archive has been a complex task stretching over 
almost two years. Planning for it started while the mission was still running, 
with the requirements being iterated between Vilspa and the several National 
Data Centres (NDCs) over several months. Programming was carried out mainly at 
Vilspa, with additional work being done at the NDCs and at IPAC. Several test 
versions of the archive were produced keeping an extensive army of beta testers 
on three continents busy. By this time the mission had ended and reprocessing 
of all the <I>ISO</I> data to a consistent level was taking place. This again 
involved new versions of the data reduction software. And we were changing our 
hardware with the end of the mission. Trying to tie all these pieces together 
seemed like a never ending puzzle, but it all came together on December the 9th.

<P>
Approximately 15% of <I>ISO</I> observations were publically available when the 
archive opened, with more being released all the time. All <I>ISO</I> observations 
are considered proprietary, that is belong only to the observer who requested 
them, for one year. This one year period starts after the observer has received 
his last observation from a programme processed with Off-Line Processing 
version 6. 95% of observations will be publically available by April 1999, 
with the very last observations public in August this year.

<P>
The interface to the <I>ISO</I> data archive will evolve further. The next additions 
are those requested by the experts, but the instrument specific query panels 
may be of interest to the general user. One important addition will be the 
possibility to request reprocessing of data with the latest software and
calibration. The calibration efforts are translated into improvements in the 
off-line processing software which will be made available to all users through 
the archive. The first updates for CAM are planned to be available before 
summer. We are happy to hear suggestions from the community of useful additions 
to the <I>ISO</I> archive interface via our helpdesk (<A HREF="mailto:helpdesk@iso.vilspa.esa.es">helpdesk@iso.vilspa.esa.es</A>).

<P>

<P></P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig:mfk1"></A><A NAME="210"></A>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION><STRONG>Figure 1:</STRONG>
The ISO Data Archive query panel</CAPTION>
<TR><TD>
<IMG ALIGN=CENTER ALT="The ISO Data Archive query panel" SRC="pma_query.gif">

</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</DIV><P></P>

<P>

<P></P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig:mfk2"></A><A NAME="216"></A>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION><STRONG>Figure 2:</STRONG>
The ISO Data Archive results screen showing results of a
query and icons</CAPTION>
<TR>
<TD>
<IMG ALIGN=CENTER ALT="The ISO Data Archive results screen" SRC="pma_results.gif">
</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</DIV>

<P></P>

<P>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<B>ISO Data Archive Browse Products</B></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<I>T. Prusti</I></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P>

<P>
<BR>
During operations the <I>ISO</I> data products from the off-line processing were 
categorised into three levels: edited raw data (ERD), standard processed data 
(SPD) and auto analysis results (AAR). During the planning for the 
post-operations phase, it was realized that for the <I>ISO</I> data archive it would 
be useful to have browse products for an immediate visual impression of the
observations and to aid the observer in deciding which observations may be of 
interest to retrieve for data reduction. 

<P>
After several iterations and design reviews we converged to <B>browse</B> 
products in three levels: <I>icons</I>, <I>postcards</I> and <I>survey 
products</I>. These new browse products are produced from the AAR with some 
additional processing for LWS and SWS. The browse products themselves should 
not be used to draw scientific conclusions because they are automatically 
processed beyond the point at which an astronomers decision would have been 
needed (and the icons and postcards are generally too small to show important 
details). The survey products, however, may be used with care if one wishes to 
do statistical studies on a large sample of objects processed homogeneously.

<P>
The <I>ISO</I> Data Archive contains the three levels of browse products in 
different places. A query to the archive results in information on the 
resulting observations being displayed along with a small icon image displaying 
the data from that observation - three such icons are shown on the right of 
figure <A HREF="#fig:mfk2">2</A>. If the user wants a closer look at the data, clicking on 
the icon will return a larger postcard in a separate window. This is a more 
advanced visual representation of the icon allowing the user to see the 
brightnesses in maps or wavelengths and flux levels in spectra and photometry. 
The postcard can be saved on local disk by the user for future reference, but 
postcards can be also requested through the data retrieval functionality in the 
<I>ISO</I> Data Archive. Icons and postcards are just pre-generated static images - 
if the user wants to manipulate the data to enhance features seen in them, they 
should download the FITS format survey products from the archive. 

<P>
The future plans for the browse products include a survey product display tool
integrated in the archive interface. This will give additional visualization 
possibilities not achievable with the static postcard image, such as zooming 
and scaling. The browse products can then be used to decide easily and quickly 
what data is of interest to the specific scientific problem at hand.

<P>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<B>The ISO Post Operational Phase</B></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<I>M.F. Kessler</I></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P>

<P>

<P>
<BR>
During its routine operational phase, <I>ISO</I> made around 30000 individual 
observations of all classes of astronomical objects at wavelengths from 2 - 
240 <IMG
 WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="28" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="img1.gif"
 ALT="$\,\mu $">m  with imaging, photometry 
and spectroscopy at a variety of spatial and spectral resolutions. The goal of 
the <I>ISO</I> post-operational phase is to maximise the scientific return of this vast trove of data by facilitating its effective and widespread exploitation.This will be accomplished by:

<UL>
<LI>deepening the understanding of the performance of the instruments and 
the satellite in orbit, 
<LI>improving the data processing, both pipeline products and interactive 
analysis software, 
<LI>supporting the general astronomical community to use <I> ISO</I>  data, 
<LI>providing the <I>ISO</I> Data Archive, an archive of all <I>ISO</I> data
processed to a homogeneous level. 
</UL>

</DL>

<P>
Near the end of the post-operations phase (end 2001), it is intended to make 
available a final archive of data, software and documentation, which will 
support continued exploitation of the <I>ISO</I> legacy by the astronomical 
community for at least the following 10 years.

<P>
The seven centres involved in this effort, and their respective 
responsibilities, are:

<UL>
<LI><I> ISO</I>  Data Centre at ESA, VILSPA in Spain, 
<BR>
responsible for the archive including user interfaces, the general off-line 
processing (``pipeline'') software, supporting the general European user 
community across all 4 instruments, and general co-ordination. 

<LI>Five Specialist National Data Centres (NDC): 
<BR>
- <I>ISO</I> Centres at SAp/Saclay and IAS/Orsay, F
<BR>
- ISOPHOT Data Centre at MPIA, D
<BR>
- <I>ISO</I> Data Analysis Centre at SRON, NL
<BR>
- <I>ISO</I> Spectrometer Data Centre at MPE, D
<BR>
- UK <I>ISO</I> Data Centre at RAL, UK
<BR>
Each National Data Centre is responsible for detailed instrument-specific 
expertise and calibration activities, provision of software modules for the 
pipeline and for all, or part, of the Interactive Analysis packages, and for 
supporting their local and national user communities.

<LI><I>ISO</I> Support Center at IPAC, US.<BR>
Responsible for support to US community plus provision of some data processing 
tools. 

</UL>

<P>
All of these centres provide direct support to users and welcome visitors. 

<P>
Please look at
<A HREF="http://www.iso.vilspa.esa.es/users/post_ops/post_operations.html">
http://www.iso.vilspa.esa.es/users/post_ops/post_operations.html</A>
for more information on the services the data centres will supply.

<P>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<B>ISOCAM images of ultracompact HII regions in the LMC</B></DIV>


<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<I>P. Claes &amp; F. Comer&#243;n</I></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P>

<P>
<BR>
Between August and November 1997, ISOCAM imaged five fields at 15 <IMG
 WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="28" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0" SRC="img1.gif"
 ALT="$\,\mu $">m  in the 
Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) suspected to contain ultracompact HII regions. The 
selection of fields was based on the existence of point sources observed by 
IRAS to have the far-infrared colours typical of galactic ultracompact HII 
regions, according to the widely used criterion of Wood &amp; Churchwell 1989 
(ApJ, 340, 265). Given the small linear size of these objects (&lt; 0.1 pc), the 
IRAS beam included a high degree of contamination from nearby but unrelated LMC 
sources, making the colour selection criteria much less reliable than in our 
Galaxy. The dramatic improvement in angular resolution provided by ISOCAM has 
allowed us to identify some of the point sources, yielding important clues on 
their nature and morphology. Our findings are described in an 
Astronomy and Astrophysics Letter (Comer&#243;n &amp; Claes, A&amp;A 335, L13, 1998).

<P>
We identified three bright, unresolved sources in two of our ISOCAM fields 
(figure <A HREF="#fig:pc">3</A>). These sources are projected on the HII region N159, near 
the 30 Doradus star forming complex. One of them, LI-LMC 1518, is identified
with a known compact radio source, while for the other two, corresponding
to the IRAS source LI-LMC 1501, no compact radio counterpart has been 
detected, at least down to the 6 mJy level at 2.4 GHz (Marx et al. 1997, 
A&amp;AS, 126, 325). This seems to be indicative of an infrared to radio 
continuum flux much higher than in typical compact HII regions, especially 
taking into account that the lower metallicity of the LMC, and a consequently 
lower dust contents, should reduce that ratio with respect to typical values 
in our Galaxy.

<P></P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig:pc"></A><A NAME="314"></A>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION><STRONG>Figure 3:</STRONG>
ISOCAM 15 <IMG WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="28" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0" SRC="img1.gif"
 ALT="$\,\mu $">m  images of ultracompact HII regions in LMC</CAPTION>
<TR><TD>
<IMG ALIGN=CENTER ALT="ISOCAM 15 micron images of ultracompact HII regions in LMC" SRC="pc.gif">

</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</DIV><P></P>

<P>
The large ratio of infrared to radio continuum emission suggests that, unlike 
LI-LMC 1518, the two point sources of LI-LMC 1501 are true ultracompact HII 
regions. The lack of compact emission at 2.4 GHz can be explained by the high 
electron density of the emitting region that is characteristic of ultracompact 
HII regions, which produces turnover frequencies usually above 5 GHz. The 
non-detection of compact radio continuum sources at the position of the point 
sources of LI-LMC 1501, despite of their brightness at 15 <IMG
 WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="28" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="img1.gif"
 ALT="$\mu$">m, can thus be 
taken as an indication of them being optically thick at that frequency.

<P>
The angular resolution of the radio and infrared observations separately 
is insufficient to reliably pinpoint bona-fide ultracompact HII regions at 
the distance of the LMC. Nevertheless, our observations demonstrate how
their combination can provide insight on the physical conditions of the 
emitting volume. In this way, we find evidence that makes the point sources
of LI-LMC 1501 the best ultracompact HII region candidates identified so far 
in a galaxy different from ours. This provides a first sample of objects
suitable for future studies of the early stages of massive star formation in 
an environment of much lower metallicity than that of our Galaxy.

<P>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<B>The Observer's SWS</B></DIV>

<P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<B>Interactive Analysis System OSIA</B></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<I>E. Wieprecht</I></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P>

<P>
<BR>
The Observers SWS Interactive Analysis (OSIA) package has been released to the
general user community. Before describing what the software can do, it is
worthwhile to review briefly its origin.

<P>
For SWS the <I>ISO</I> data processing software can be split into five major parts: 
<DL COMPACT>
<DT>1
<DD>the pipeline, composed of the instrument dependent pipeline (designed 
and developed by the SWS team),
<DT>2
<DD>the instrument-independent pipeline (designed and developed by ESA), 
<DT>3
<DD>IA3, a software system used by the SWS teams to calibrate and analyse 
the performance of SWS and debug pipeline software,
<DT>4
<DD>the Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis Package (ISAP), a joint development 
by the LWS and SWS Instrument Teams and Data Centres,
<DT>5
<DD>the now released OSIA, a subset of IA3. 
</DL>

<P>
Parts 1 and 2 of the pipeline system, one written in FORTRAN, the other in IDL, 
do bulk processing without human interaction from raw satellite telemetry to 
the final calibrated spectrum (Auto Analysis Result - AAR) distributed to the 
observer.

<P>
The calibrated spectrum is the starting point for the Infrared Spectroscopy 
Analysis Package. This package is based on pure IDL and offers tools for 
further processing of the AAR data (e.g. bad data masking, averaging, or 
smoothing), and for a subsequent scientific analysis (e.g. line flux 
measurements, continuum fitting, synthetic photometry, etc.).

<P>
To make a clear separation between OSIA and ISAP, OSIA will only work at the 
Standard Processed Data (SPD) level, whereas ISAP will take all tasks from the 
AAR level. Special effort has been taken to make OSIA and ISAP work in one 
environment (one session), thus they are ideal partners for scientific data 
processing. 

<P>
Some of the major design aspects were to keep OSIA simple, platform independent 
and easy to install. OSIA contains only pure IDL modules and FITS calibration 
files, and is strictly version controlled which allows referencing 
to specific software versions.

<P>
The OSIA functionalities can be grouped as follows:

<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT>1
<DD>I/O modules 
<BR>
Tools to access SWS data products
<DT>2
<DD>Pipeline modules 
<BR>
These modules run the automatic pipeline steps between SPD and AAR separately or 
together. E.g. Dark subtraction.
<DT>3
<DD>Interactive pipeline steps 
<BR>
Modules which fulfil the task of the pipeline, but can be used in a highly 
interactive manner to achieve a better result
<DT>4
<DD>Scan table tools 
<BR>
These give an overview of the observation
<DT>5
<DD>Tools to treat status and flags 
<BR>
Decoding etc. of status and flag words
<DT>6
<DD>Header modules 
<BR>
Modules to extract data product header information
<DT>7
<DD>Masking tools 
<BR>
Visualise the SPD data product and remove invalid data points 
<DT>8
<DD>Calfile selection tools 
<BR>
These tools allow a flexible calibration file usage
<DT>9
<DD>Selecting &amp; Combining
<DT>10
<DD>Flatfielding 
<BR>
A very extensive tool to flatfield SWS spectrum
<DT>11
<DD>Clipping 
<BR>
Standard sigma clipping tool with a lot of options
<DT>12
<DD>Rebinning 
<BR>
A very extensive tool to rebin SWS spectrum
<DT>13
<DD>Plotting 
<BR>
Standard plotting of all relevant data products, SWS aperture on the
sky and internal checks
<DT>14
<DD>Calibration G files
<DT>15
<DD>Common tools 
<BR>
Various tools to support data reduction 
<DT>16
<DD>Submodules
<DT>17
<DD>Installation modules 
<BR>
Modules which are necessary to install the system
</DL>

<P>
OSIA was released with a user manual describing its functionalities. Similar 
information is provided by an expanded IDL help system. It may be downloaded by 
following the <I>ISO</I> <A HREF="http://www.iso.vilspa.esa.es/archive/software/">Data Analysis Software link</A> on the main <I>ISO</I> homepage or 
from: <A HREF="http://sws.ster.kuleuven.ac.be/osia/">http://sws.ster.kuleuven.ac.be/osia/</A> or 
http://www.mpe.mpg.de/ISO/observer/osia/

<P>
User are able to report problems via the WEB interface at 
<A HREF="http://sws.ster.kuleuven.ac.be/osia/sw/spr/form.html">http://sws.ster.kuleuven.ac.be/osia/sw/spr/form.html</A>. Such reports will be reviewed and, if 
necessary, changes made to the software. At this site it is possible to 
subscribe to a list to stay informed about ongoing OSIA development and 
releases.

<P>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<B>The World Wide Web</B></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<I>J. Matagne</I></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P>

<P>
<BR>
Since it was started in 1995 our Web server has been growing at an amazing 
pace. From just a few pages of information on <I>ISO</I> the web server now holds 
more than 4100 individual HTML pages, containing slightly less than 1 Gbyte of 
images and documents (this does not include the voluminous documents which are 
linked and served from our ftp site). On average it is visited from around 
1500 different sites each week. Figure <A HREF="#fig:web">4</A> shows the number of
external accesses to our site per week. The number of accesses was fairly 
constant before summer, increased rapidly around the time of the Paris <I>ISO</I> 
conference, dropped back to more normal levels and then has been increasing 
since the <I>ISO</I> Data Archive opened (except around Christmas).


<P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig:web"></A><A NAME="483"></A>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION><STRONG>Figure 4:</STRONG>
Access to the public <I> ISO</I> web pages per week from machines external
  to ESA.</CAPTION>
<TR><TD>
<IMG WIDTH="431" HEIGHT="201" BORDER="0" ALT="Access to the public ISO web pages per week" SRC="img7.gif">
</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</DIV><P></P>


<P>
Just before the mission ended, the server for web site moved from ESTEC to 
Vilspa, Spain with the new URL <A HREF="http://www.iso.vilspa.esa.es/">http://www.iso.vilspa.esa.es/</A> - most users will 
probably not have noticed this as calls to the old address are automatically 
forwarded to the new. Users are recommended to change their bookmarks to the new
server however.

<P>
To meet the new requirements of the <I>ISO</I> users and community during the <I>ISO</I> Post-Mission, the decision was taken this summer to investigate new technology
and restructure the site. Therefore in early December a totally new Homepage 
was released. While the old site was oriented towards keeping observers 
informed as to the progress of their observations, the new one is orientated 
towards informing users of how to use the <I>ISO</I> data and allowing observers to 
access the archive of all observations to download any useful data. 

<P>
The new site has four main sections: 
<DL COMPACT>

<P>
<DT>1
<DD>Data Archive. Here users can access the <I>ISO</I> Data Archive and obtain
the data analysis packages.<BR>

<P>
<DT>2
<DD>Users Information. This links to the explanatory documentation on the
satellite and instruments, <I>the</I> repository for <I>ISO</I> information. It also links to information on what services the IDC offers observers and how to get to Vilspa.<BR>

<P>
<DT>3
<DD>Science. This contains our gallery of science images, a list of <I>ISO</I> 
publications, list of meetings concerning <I>ISO</I> science and links to other science sites of interest to <I>ISO</I> users.<BR>

<P>
<DT>4
<DD>Outreach. A compilation of <I>ISO</I> facts, press releases, background
articles (including <I>ISO</I> Info!) and images and movies of <I>ISO</I>.
</DL>

<P>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<B>ISO Workshop on Solar System Objects </B></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<I>T. M&#252;ller</I></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P>

<P>
<BR>
The <I>ISO</I> Data Centre team in Vilspa intends to hold a workshop on Solar System 
Objects (SSOs) at ESA's satellite tracking station near Madrid (Spain) in May 
1999. Bearing in mind the specific needs in data reduction of <I>ISO</I>'s Solar 
System observations, our initial objective for this workshop is to support the 
finalisation of data reduction of individual observing programmes for 
presentations at the two major conferences on solar system objects this year:
Asteroids, Comets, Meteors meeting in July and the Division of Planetary 
Sciences meeting in October. Also, one should not forget that by August 1999 
all <I>ISO</I> data will have become public.

<P>
This workshop would bring together the <I>ISO</I> observers working on Solar System 
programmes with the experts in instrument calibration and data reduction for
an exchange on latest calibration updates, advanced data processing techniques
and also latest results on Solar System studies. In addition, the IDC has a 
number of facilities which can be used to reduce and fine tune SSO data with 
support from the staff at the Data Centre.

<P>
Possible topics will include: pointing, tracking and their impact on 
observations using small apertures; parallax; solar system observations with 
PHT; analysis of asteroid data and thermal modelling; modelling planet 
emission; beam-tracking effects on SWS data analysis. However, this list is 
not exhaustive and you may have other specific topics you would like to see 
discussed.

<P>
For more information on this conference see the <I>ISO</I> web site
<A HREF="http://www.iso.vilspa.esa.es/meetings/">http://www.iso.vilspa.esa.es/meetings/</A>.

<P>
<P>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<B>ISO Mailing List</B></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P>

<P>
<BR>
<I>ISO</I> INFO is edited by: 
<BR>
Kieron Leech <I>ISO</I> Resident Astronomer 
<BR>
Villafranca del Castillo, 
<BR>
Satellite Tracking Station, 
<BR>
P.O. Box 50727, 28080 Madrid, Spain 
<BR>
Telephone: International +34-91-813-1254 
<BR>
Telefax: International +34-91-813-1308 
<BR>
e-mail: `kleech@iso.vilspa.esa.es' 
<BR>

<P>
To receive a copy of this newsletter please contact K.&nbsp;Leech at the above 
address. If you wish to be added to the <I>ISO</I> Info mailing list please supply 
your name, address, phone and fax numbers and e-mail address.

<P>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<B>ISO Observed!</B></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<I>M. Busch &amp; R. Kresken</I></DIV>

<P><P>
<BR>
<HR>
<P>

<P>
<BR>
Remarkably enough, <I>ISO</I> can be observed from the ground using a fairly small
telescope. Figure <A HREF="#fig:isoobs">5</A> shows an image the Infrared Space 
Observatory satellite (95062A) observed when approx. 63,800 km from Earth on 
the 16<SUP><I>th</I></SUP> of December 1998 from the Starkenburg Observatory, Heppenheim, 
Germany. North is to the left. <I>ISO</I> is the trailed object in the upper right 
of the image.

<P>
The instrument used was the M&#252;hleis Telescope (450 mm, f/4.4, Newton) with a 
CCD Camera (768x512 pixels in 2x2 binning mode, 12x8 arcmin fov). 

<P>

<P></P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="fig:isoobs"></A><A NAME="747"></A>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION><STRONG>Figure 5:</STRONG>
<I> ISO</I> Observed from the ground</CAPTION>
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<IMG SRC="/movies/ani_iso.gif" ALT="ISO observed!" height=210 width=150>
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</TABLE>
</DIV><P></P>

<P>
In all five images were taken, and an animation generated from these can be seen
 at the main <I>ISO</I> web site (<A HREF="http://www.iso.vilspa.esa.es/news/iso_obs.htm">http://www.iso.vilspa.esa.es/news/iso_obs.htm</A>) or at the <A HREF="http://www.starkenburg-sternwarte.de/satelliten/iso/index.htm">Starkenburg Observatory site</A>
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<P>

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<P>
</I>
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