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<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="5" HEIGHT="10" BGCOLOR="#3366CD"><b><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font color="#FFCC33"><font size=+1>ISO's
Biggest Find: "Astro-Mineralogy"</font></font></font></b></td>
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<A HREF="silicates.mov"><IMG ALT="Prof. Rens Waters, Amsterdam University" src="Waters.jpg"></A>
<br><font size=-1><A HREF="silicates.mov">Quicktime - 1.5 Mb 2:04mins</A></font>
<br><font size=-1>Interview: Prof. Rens Waters, <I>Amsterdam University, February 2000</I></font>
<P><BR>
<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>You need the <A TARGET="_new" HREF="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/">QuickTime Player</A> to listen this interview.</font></font>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN="2" HEIGHT="161"><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>A
whole new branch of astronomy is opening up as a result of discoveries
coming from ESA's Infra-Red Space Observatory. </font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>ISO
was launched into space to send back pictures of Infra-Red light sources
in the Universe. Its latest discovery is thought to be its most important,
centring on microscopic silicate crystals which are being found in large
quantities around old stars, in proto-planetary discs and in our solar
system. </font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>Experts,
who are now being called "astro-mineralogists", believe they could turn out
to be the building blocks of our solar system and are studying the crystals
to try to determine their contribution to the formation of planets. </font></font></td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="34" BGCOLOR="#3366CD"><b><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font color="#FFCC33"><font size=+0>Script</font></font></font></b></td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="3" HEIGHT="5" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>ISO
was able to spot the crystals as it looks for Infra-Red light. Silicate
crystals generally exist at low temperatures and as cold materials give
off mostly Infra-Red light, ISO was the only way of spotting them. The
satellite's two on-board spectrometers were then able to work out the crystals'
chemical fingerprint. </font></font></td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="86"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>Interview:</font></font>
<br><b><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font color="#000000"><font size=-1>Rens
Waters</font></font></font></b>
<br><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font color="#000000"><font size=-2>Amsterdam University</font></font></font></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="3" HEIGHT="86"><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>"<I>ISO
was able to detect the presence of crystalline silicates, crystals made
of Olivines and other materials around both old stars at the end of their
lives and even more excitingly around young stars where we think that planets
are being formed. And so for the first time we have an idea about the building
blocks of planets, like our own solar system has been built of, around
other stars and we learn a lot about the origin of our own solar system
that way.</I>"</font></font></td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="5"> </td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="3" HEIGHT="5"><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>Silicate
crystals are the most abundant minerals on Earth and in our Solar System
but the discovery that they are so prevalent elsewhere in the universe
has come as a surprise. Experts are now studying the possible crystal-making
mechanisms. Thanks to ISO, scientists can start classifying silicates in
the Universe opening a brand-new research field: astro-mineralogy.</font></font>
<br><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>These
same scientists believe that ISO really is fulfilling its promise to reveal
the chemistry of the Universe! </font></font></td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="40"><b><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>Hugo Marée </font></font></b>
<br>
<p> </td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="178" HEIGHT="40"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>ESA
Science Programme PR Officer </font></font>
<br><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>email: <a href="mailto:hmaree@hq.esa.fr">hmaree@hq.esa.fr</a></font></font>
<br><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>tel: +33 1
5369 7106 </font></font></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="40"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>or</font></font></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="232" HEIGHT="40"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>Science
Programme Communication Service </font></font>
<br><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>email: <a href="mailto:sciweb@estec.esa.nl">sciweb@estec.esa.nl</a></font></font>
<br><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size=-1>tel: +31 71
565 3223 </font></font></td>
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